Which of the following is NOT included in personal injury liability?

Personal injury liability generally refers to legal responsibilities arising from actions that harm an individual’s reputation, emotional well-being, or privacy rights. Common components of personal injury liability include libel, slander, and invasion of privacy.

Libel and slander are both forms of defamation; libel refers to written defamatory statements, whereas slander pertains to spoken defamatory statements. These elements are prominent in personal injury claims because they directly address the harm done to a person's reputation.

Invasion of privacy involves violations of a person's right to privacy, which can encompass unwanted publicity, misappropriation of likeness, or intrusion into personal space. All of these are pertinent to personal injury liability as they can result in emotional distress or reputational damage.

Negligence, however, is typically classified under a different category of liability—one that deals with failure to exercise appropriate care, leading to accidental harm or damage. It requires a breach of a duty of care that results in physical injury or property damage rather than the emotional or reputational harms addressed by personal injury liability. Therefore, negligence does not fit under the umbrella of personal injury liability like the other options do.